Why does my horse have crusty scabs on its heels?
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Overview
Crusty scabs on the heels are often linked to mallenders or sallenders, which are skin changes that can happen in the bend of the leg. They may be related to moisture, mud, sweat, friction, skin irritation or an underlying skin problem, so it’s worth checking the area carefully rather than assuming it’s just dirt.
The good news is that many cases are manageable with careful grooming, keeping the area clean and dry, and watching for changes. If the skin looks sore, swollen, weepy or keeps coming back, a vet check is sensible.
Things To Check
1. Look at exactly where the scabs are. Mallenders and sallenders usually affect the back of the front legs or the front of the hocks, but other skin problems can look similar.
2. Check whether the skin is just flaky and dry, or whether it’s red, hot, swollen or painful to touch.
3. See if there’s any discharge, cracking, thickened skin or a bad smell, as these can suggest irritation or infection.
4. Think about when it appears. Muddy turnout, sweating, clipping, grooming or rugs can all make skin problems more obvious.
5. Notice whether the horse is rubbing, stamping or resentful when you touch the area.
6. Check both legs. If it’s only on one side, that can sometimes point to local irritation or a knock rather than a general skin issue.
7. Look for scabs elsewhere on the body, as that can help narrow down whether this is a local heel problem or part of a wider skin concern.
Common Causes
Mud, damp bedding and sweat are common triggers because they can soften the skin and make it more likely to scab or crack.
Skin irritation from rubbing, grooming, leg wraps, muddy feathers or minor friction can also lead to crusty patches on the heels.
Some horses have a recurring skin issue in these areas that fits with mallenders or sallenders, where the skin becomes scurfy, thickened or crusted over time.
Less commonly, bacterial or fungal skin infection, mites or an allergic skin reaction may be involved, especially if the area is sore, spreading or not improving.
When To Contact A Vet
Speak to your vet if the scabs are spreading, the skin is painful, hot or swollen, there’s discharge, or your horse seems bothered by it. It’s also sensible to get advice if the problem keeps returning or isn’t improving with simple routine care.
What To Do
Keep the area clean and dry, and avoid picking at the scabs, which can make the skin more sore.
Use gentle grooming and only wash the area when needed, then dry it well afterwards.
If mud or sweat seems to be part of the problem, review turnout, bedding and post-exercise care so the lower legs aren’t staying damp for long periods.
Monitor the skin for a few days and note whether it’s getting better, staying the same or worsening. A photo can be useful if you need to show your vet.
Products That May Help
If your horse’s heels are getting dirty, greasy or scurfy, gentle washing and sensible coat care may help support a cleaner routine while you keep an eye on the skin.
Related Questions
Are mallenders and sallenders the same thing?
Can mud make crusty heel scabs worse?
Should I wash the area or leave it alone?
Atlas is here to support owners with practical, easy-to-understand guidance. It is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you're concerned about your animal's health, symptoms worsen, or something doesn't feel right, contact your vet.